An Expanded Interpretive Structural Modeling Analysis of the Barriers to Integrated Flood Risk Management Adaptation in Metro Manila

The implementation of integrated flood risk management (IFRM) is still in its infancy both developed and developing countries, yet some countries have already encountered barriers to IFRM adaptation. interrelationships between these need be determined analyzed systematically, as such an analysis the groundwork for decision-making when devising solutions overcome barriers. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) a popular systematic method analyzing interrelationship variables broad study areas. This applies proposed expanded ISM (Ex-ISM) approach comprehensively analyze Metro Manila. Ex-ISM enhances conventional that symbolism modified explicitly show contextual interrelationships, step hierarchy assignment simplified, diagram shows all allow comprehensive analysis. results obtained using do not deviate from those yielded by method, but allows easy hierarchy, it only direct also indirect provide relationships